{"id":3436,"date":"2026-01-31T19:12:23","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T10:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.id774.net\/entry\/?p=3436"},"modified":"2026-04-14T21:26:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T12:26:39","slug":"%e6%99%82%e9%96%93%e3%81%a8%e3%81%af%e7%b5%90%e5%b1%80%e4%bd%95%e3%81%aa%e3%81%ae%e3%81%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.id774.net\/entry\/2026\/01\/31\/3436\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306f\u7d50\u5c40\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

1. \u306a\u305c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3092 1 \u3064\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3068\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n

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\n

2. \u307e\u305a\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3092 3 \u3064\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n

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\u5f79\u5272<\/th>\n\u76f4\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u65b9<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u7406\u8ad6<\/th>\n\u8981\u70b9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u5e7e\u4f55\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n\u91cd\u529b\u3092\u542b\u3080\u300c\u6e2c\u308a\u65b9\u300d<\/td>\nGR<\/td>\n\u56fa\u6709\u6642\u306f\u8a08\u91cf\u3067\u6c7a\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5834\u6240\u3084\u91cd\u529b\u3067\u523b\u307f\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b[2]<\/a>[8]<\/a>[9]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n\u66f4\u65b0\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u76ee\u76db\u308a<\/td>\nQM\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09<\/td>\n\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u6642\u9593\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3044\u306b\u304f\u3044[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n\u6642\u8a08\u3068\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u300c\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d<\/td>\n\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6<\/td>\n\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u7f6e\u304b\u305a\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6642\u9593\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a>[12]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u3053\u306e\u5206\u89e3\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046 1 \u554f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3069\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u6642\u9593\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u6570\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001GR \u3068 QM \u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9818\u57df\u3067\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u3001\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

3. \u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u5bfe\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306e\u6642\u9593\uff1a\u5ea7\u6a19\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u56fa\u6709\u6642\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020<\/h2>\n

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\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u304c\u673a\u4e0a\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u3067\u7d42\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001GPS \u304c\u793a\u3059\u3002\u885b\u661f\u3068\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u904b\u52d5\u3068\u91cd\u529b\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304c\u9055\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u8a08\u306e\u9032\u307f\u65b9\u304c\u305a\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305a\u308c\u3092\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u3067\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6e2c\u4f4d\u306f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u3067\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b[1]<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9045\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u6642\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u3069\u306e\u6642\u8a08\u304b\u3001\u3069\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u7cfb\u304b\u3001\u3069\u3046\u540c\u671f\u3059\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904b\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u5165\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6642\u9593\u306f\u3001\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u5b99\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u305a\u3001\u6642\u8a08\u3068\u540c\u671f\u306e\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

4. \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6642\u9593\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3084\u904b\u52d5\u91cf\u306f\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\uff08\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u300c\u5916\u90e8\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306f\u3001\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u6df7\u4e71\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3060\u3002\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3068\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u89b3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u9aa8\u683c\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u307e\u305a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306f\u300c\u6e2c\u308c\u308b\u300d\u306e\u3067\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3092\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u5171\u5f79\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u4e0b\u306b\u6709\u754c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u7dca\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b Pauli \u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044[5]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3092\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u306b\u306f\u3001POVM<\/a>\uff08\u6b63\u4f5c\u7528\u7d20\u5024\u6e2c\u5ea6\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u5c04\u5f71\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u67a0\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u691c\u8a0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f[17]<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u3002\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306f\u300c\u6271\u3048\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u3067\u306f\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u7279\u306b\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u6642\u7a7a\u300d\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6642\u9593\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5ea7\u6a19\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65e2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001GR \u304c\u6642\u9593\u3092\u89e3\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u3002\u524d\u56de\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u300c\u4e00\u6b21\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u3053\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u306e\u5dee\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

5. \u885d\u7a81\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\uff1a\u540c\u3058\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u5225\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7d44\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6574\u7406\u3067\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u306f\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304c\u9055\u3046\u300d\u3067\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u885d\u7a81\u306f\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u9006\u5411\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002GR \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\uff08\u8a08\u91cf\uff09\u306f\u7269\u8cea\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u307e\u308b[2]<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u3002QM \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306f\uff08\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09\u5916\u90e8\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u308b[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u52b9\u304f\u9818\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u3057\u305f\u66f4\u65b0\u300d\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u305f\u3044\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5e7e\u4f55\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u91cf\u5b50\u63fa\u3089\u304e\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u5faa\u74b0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u5faa\u74b0\u304c\u8868\u306b\u51fa\u308b\u5178\u578b\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u6e96\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b<\/a>\u3067\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u5236\u7d04\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002ADM \u5f62\u5f0f\u3067 GR \u3092\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3<\/a>\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u76f4\u3059\u3068\u3001\u6642\u9593\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u304c\u300c\u5236\u7d04\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308b[19]<\/a>[20]<\/a>\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u91cf\u5b50\u5316<\/a>\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u305f\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u5f62\u304c\u524d\u9762\u306b\u51fa\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304cWheeler\u2013DeWitt \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/a>\u304c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b\u80cc\u666f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u554f\u984c\u306f\u30b9\u30ed\u30fc\u30ac\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a>[21]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

6. \u300c\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u300d\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3059\u300d<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u304c\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3075\u305f\u3064\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5148\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u3067\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6368\u3066\u305f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u4f4e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u56de\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u9053\u7b4b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u767a\u60f3\u306f\u3001Isham \u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u304c\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u300cproblem of time<\/a>\u300d\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3082\u3042\u308b[22]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3057\u65b9\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f 2 \u7cfb\u7d71\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u304c\u300c\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3067\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u6642\u8a08\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3073\u3001\u6642\u8a08\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002Page \u3068 Wootters \u306e\u300cevolution without evolution\u300d\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u308b[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u6574\u7406\u3084\u6574\u5408\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3082\u591a\u6570\u3042\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u8aac\u3084\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u3057\u3066 Woods \u3089\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3044[12]<\/a>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u304c\u300c\u71b1\uff08\u72b6\u614b\uff09\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3067\u3001Connes \u3068 Rovelli \u306e thermal time hypothesis \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u304b\u3089\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308b[23]<\/a>[24]<\/a>\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3092\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u70b9\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

7. \u4eee\u8aac\u300c\u6642\u9593\uff1d\u66f4\u65b0\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u3092\u3069\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3079\u304d\u304b<\/h2>\n

\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1a\u76f8\u5bfe\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u610f\u8b58\u307e\u3067<\/a>\u300d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4f5c\u696d\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u306a\u66f4\u65b0\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u73fe\u8c61\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092 GR \u3068 QM \u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3080\u3068\u304d\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u7b2c 0 \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3053\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6368\u3066\u305f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u6642\u9593\u304c\u8868\u9762\u306b\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6d41\u308c\u300d\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u300d\u3092\u3069\u3046\u518d\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c64\u9593\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u304f\u306e\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7b2c 4 \u5c64\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u72ec\u7acb\u30fb\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u3067\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u7f6e\u304b\u305a\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u3067\u300c\u5909\u5316\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u300d\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b[10]<\/a>[12]<\/a>[23]<\/a>\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u304c\u6301\u3064\u8a18\u9332\u3084\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u304c\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u5c40\u9762\u3067\u3001\u300c\u66f4\u65b0\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u3068\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u751f\u6210\u300d\u304c\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u3089\u3057\u3055\u304c\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u65b9\u306a\u3089\u3001GR \u306e\u56fa\u6709\u6642\uff08\u6e2c\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3001QM \u306e\u6642\u9593\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff08\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\uff09\u3068\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u3067\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u6642\u9593\uff08\u518d\u5efa\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3092\u3001\u7121\u7406\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u305b\u305a\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

8. \u69cb\u9020\u5316\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u5f62\uff1a4 \u5c64\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u66f8\u304f<\/h2>\n

\u5168\u4f53\u3092 4 \u5c64\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u9806\u306b\u7a4d\u3080\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046 4 \u5c64\u306f\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u9806\u5e8f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5c64<\/th>\n\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u306e\u6642\u9593<\/th>\n\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/th>\n\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53c2\u7167<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u7b2c 1 \u5c64<\/td>\n\u904b\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u540c\u671f\u30fb\u914d\u5e03\uff09<\/td>\n\u6642\u9593\u306f\u6642\u8a08\u3068\u540c\u671f\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/td>\nGPS \u3068\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6[1]<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7b2c 2 \u5c64<\/td>\n\u5e7e\u4f55\uff08\u56fa\u6709\u6642\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\uff09<\/td>\nGR \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306f\u8a08\u91cf\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3001\u5834\u6240\u3067\u523b\u307f\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u57fa\u790e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/td>\nEinstein 1916[2]<\/a>\u3001ADM[19]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7b2c 3 \u5c64<\/td>\n\u66f4\u65b0\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc<\/td>\nQM \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6271\u3044\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7b2c 4 \u5c64<\/td>\n\u76f8\u95a2\u30fb\u72b6\u614b\u4f9d\u5b58<\/td>\n\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u3067\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u518d\u5efa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u51cd\u7d50\u306f\u7d42\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u518d\u5efa\u306e\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/td>\nIsham[22]<\/a>\u3001Page\u2013Wootters[10]<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u3001Thermal time[23]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u66f8\u3051\u3070\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5b9f\u4f53\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u554f\u7b54\u306b\u843d\u3061\u305a\u3001\u300c\u3069\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8ffd\u3048\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u554f\u984c\uff08\u8db3\u5834\u306e\u5faa\u74b0\uff09\u3082\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u7b2c 2 \u5c64\u3068\u7b2c 3 \u5c64\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u4f5c\u696d\u4eee\u8aac\u3082\u3001\u7b2c 4 \u5c64\u304b\u3089\u7b2c 1\u301c3 \u5c64\u3078\u964d\u308a\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u300c\u6642\u9593\u3089\u3057\u3055\u306e\u56de\u5fa9\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

9. \u307e\u3068\u3081\uff1a\u6642\u9593\u306f\u300c1 \u3064\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u63a5\u7d9a\u898f\u7d04\u300d\u3067\u6271\u3046<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u7a3f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6642\u9593\u3092 1 \u500b\u306e\u5b9f\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5148\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u898f\u7d04\u3068\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002GR \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5e7e\u4f55\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u6642\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u57fa\u790e\u306b\u306a\u308b[2]<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002QM \u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306f\u66f4\u65b0\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306f\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b[4]<\/a>[17]<\/a>\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u9818\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u3068\u5faa\u74b0\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3067\u518d\u5efa\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u65b9\u91dd\u306b\u306a\u308b[10]<\/a>[22]<\/a>[23]<\/a>\u3002\u3053\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\uff1d\u66f4\u65b0\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u300c\u73fe\u5728\uff1d\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u73fe\u8c61\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306e\u77e2\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u6027\u304c\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5c64\u9593\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u3092\u3069\u3046\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3046\u3079\u304d\u304b\u300d\u3078\u306e\u3001\u6700\u3082\u8aa4\u89e3\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u7b54\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Neil Ashby, \u201cRelativity and the Global Positioning System\u201d (Physics Today, 2002). https:\/\/isidore.co\/misc\/Physics%20papers%20and%20books\/GPS%20%26%20Relativity\/RELATIVITY%20AND%20THE%20GLOBAL%20POSITIONING%20SYSTEM%20%28Ashby%29.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Albert Einstein, \u201cThe Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity\u201d (1916, English translation). https:\/\/ia801204.us.archive.org\/5\/items\/the-foundation-of-the-general-theory-of-relativity\/The%20Foundation%20of%20the%20General%20Theory%20of%20Relativity.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
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  9. Robert M. Wald, \u201cGeneral Relativity\u201d (textbook). https:\/\/icourse.club\/uploads\/files\/b10bbb171326589762e3f2784ba527888988f8f5.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
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  11. William K. Wootters, \u201cTime replaced by quantum correlations\u201d (1984). https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02214098<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. M. Woods, R. Silva, and J. Oppenheim, \u201cThe Page-Wootters mechanism 36 years on\u201d (2019). https:\/\/quantum-journal.org\/views\/qv-2019-07-21-16\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Albert Einstein, \u201cOn the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\u201d (1905, English translation). https:\/\/users.physics.ox.ac.uk\/~rtaylor\/teaching\/specrel.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Hermann Minkowski, \u201cSpace and Time\u201d (1908 lecture, translation). https:\/\/mathweb.ucsd.edu\/~b3tran\/cgm\/Minkowski_SpaceAndTime_1909.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Hermann Minkowski, \u201cSpace and Time\u201d (Wikisource translation). https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Translation%3ASpace_and_Time<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. J. M. Isidro, \u201cBypassing Pauli\u2019s theorem\u201d (Physics Letters A, 2005). https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0375960104017177<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. R. Giannitrapani, \u201cPositive-Operator-Valued Time Observable in Quantum Mechanics\u201d (1998). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/quant-ph\/9611015<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. Paul Busch, \u201cTime observables in quantum theory\u201d (1994). https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0375960194907854<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. Arnowitt, Deser, Misner, \u201cThe dynamics of general relativity\u201d (ADM, reprint PDF). https:\/\/blackholes.tecnico.ulisboa.pt\/gritting\/pdf\/gravity_and_general_relativity\/Arnowitt-Deser-Misner_The-dynamics-of-general-relativity.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. Arnowitt, Deser, Misner, \u201cThe Dynamics of General Relativity\u201d (arXiv access). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/gr-qc\/0405109<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. Wheeler\u2013DeWitt equation (overview). https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheeler%E2%80%93DeWitt_equation<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. Edward Anderson, \u201cProblem of Time in Quantum Gravity\u201d (review, 2012). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1206.2403<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. A. Connes and C. Rovelli, \u201cVon Neumann Algebra Automorphisms and Time-Thermodynamics Relation in General Covariant Quantum Theories\u201d (1994). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/gr-qc\/9406019<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. E. Y. S. Chua, \u201cThe Time in Thermal Time\u201d (discussion). https:\/\/philarchive.org\/archive\/CHUTTI-2<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. J. Tambornino, \u201cRelational Observables in Gravity: a Review\u201d (2012). https:\/\/sigma-journal.com\/2012\/017\/sigma12-017.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. Carlo Rovelli, \u201cTime in quantum gravity: An hypothesis\u201d (Phys. Rev. D, 1991). https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.43.442<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. Karel V. Kucha\u0159, \u201cTime and interpretations of quantum gravity\u201d (1992\/2011 version). https:\/\/www.phys.lsu.edu\/faculty\/pullin\/kvk.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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